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Chicago Citation

Basic Format

Notes: 

Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of article." Title of Journal/Magazine (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year),  Volume (Issue), Page(s). https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxx

Shortened Notes: 

Author's Last Name Title of article. Page(s).

Bibliography:

Author's Last Name, First Name, "Title of article." Title of Journal/Magazine (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year),  Volume (Issue), Page(s). https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxx

Chicago Citation has three types of citations within it:

  • Notes are used the first time a source is cited in the footnotes or endnotes. No more than three authors should be listed in a note. If there are more than three, name only the first author followed by “et al.”
  • Shortened notes are used all subsequent times a source appears in the footnotes or endnotes.  No more than three authors should be listed in a note. If there are more than three, name only the first author followed by “et al.”
  • Bibliography entries should be alphabetized and can include up to 10 authors. If there are more than 10 authors, list the first seven followed by “et al.”

Notes and shortened notes appear either in the footnote at the bottom of an individual page, or in an endnote at the end of the article or book depending on publisher requirements. In text, notes are indicated through superscript numbers at the end of the sentence, phrase, or section to which the contents of the note corresponds.

If you are using a direct quote the footnote must be placed immediately following the end of the quotation.

You can use these elements to put together a citation even if you can't find an example in the manual. Examples of common resources are found in the box below.

Examples

Book

Notes:

Jordan Tardif, The Conversion of the Anglo-Saxon Laity, 597-798, (Waterloo, UWSpace, 2021). 20-25 http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16935.

Shortened Note:

Tardif, The Conversion of the Anglo-Saxon Laity, 597-798, 25.

Bibliography:

Tardif, Jordan. The Conversion of the Anglo-Saxon Laity, 597-798, (Waterloo, UWSpace, 2021). http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16935.

Book with Editor or Translator

Notes:

Craig Williamson, The Complete Old English Poems, Trans. Craig Williamson (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017). 20-25.

Shortened Note:

Williamson, The Complete Old English Poems, 25.

Bibliography:

Williamson, Craig. The Complete Old English Poems, Trans. Craig Williamson (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017).

Book Chapter

Notes:

Jordan Tardif, "Chapter 2: Hagiographies" The Conversion of the Anglo-Saxon Laity, 597-798, (Waterloo, UWSpace, 2021). 24-27 http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16935.

Shortened Note:

Tardif, "Chapter 2: Hagiographies" 29.

Bibliography:

Tardif, Jordan. "Chapter 2: Hagiographies" The Conversion of the Anglo-Saxon Laity, 597-798, (Waterloo, UWSpace, 2021). 24-41 http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16935.

Journal Article

Notes:

Jordan Tardif, "Clunaic Ideaology in Crusading Doctrine" Tiresias Journal of Classical and Medieval Studies, (Waterloo, University of Waterloo, 2021). 65 https://uwaterloo.ca/classical-studies/sites/default/files/uploads/files/tiresias_volume_5.pdf

Shortened Note:

Tardif, "Clunaic Ideaology in Crusading Doctrine",64-66.

Bibliography:

Tardif, Jordan. "Clunaic Ideaology in Crusading Doctrine" Tiresias Journal of Classical and Medieval Studies, (Waterloo, University of Waterloo, 2021). 64-66.  https://uwaterloo.ca/classical-studies/sites/default/files/uploads/files/tiresias_volume_5.pdf

Newspaper or Magazine Article

Notes:

Susan Jacoby, "The First Victims of the First Crusade" The New York Times, (Feb 13th 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/opinion/sunday/the-first-victims-of-the-first-crusade.html

Shortened Note:

Jacoby, "The First Victims of the First Crusade"

Bibliography:

Jacoby, Susan. "The First Victims of the First Crusade" The New York Times, (Feb 13th 2021). https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/opinion/sunday/the-first-victims-of-the-first-crusade.html

  • Authors may be organizations or groups instead of individual people. This is very common with web pages and government resources. If you are unable to identify an author of any kind, start your citation with the title of the source, followed by the date.
  • If the author of the page and the site name are the same, omit the site name.
  • Dates are often missing on web pages. Do not use the copyright date. While a date of last review can give you an idea of how current the page is, it is not the same as a publication date. If you are unable to find a date, use the date of retrieval.

Web Page with an Author

Notes:

Archer Frater  "The Holy Daimon Project - A New Online Resource on Late Medieval Grimoires." Societas Magicas.(July 14 2018). Accessed July 20 2019. https://societasmagica.org/blog?cat=5

Shortened Note:

Frater, "The Holy Daimon Project - A New Online Resource on Late Medieval Grimoires."

Bibliography:

Frater, Archer  "The Holy Daimon Project - A New Online Resource on Late Medieval Grimoires." Societas Magicas.(July 14 2018). Accessed July 20 2019. https://societasmagica.org/blog?cat=5

 

Web Page with No Author

Notes:

Chicago Manual of Style. "Chicago Style Workout 76: Good Grammar" (May 30 2023). Accessed July 20 2023. https://cmosshoptalk.com/2023/05/30/chicago-style-workout-76-good-grammar/

Shortened Note:

Chicago Manual of Style. "Chicago Style Workout 76: Good Grammar"

Bibliography:

Chicago Manual of Style. "Chicago Style Workout 76: Good Grammar" (May 30 2023). Accessed July 20 2023. https://cmosshoptalk.com/2023/05/30/chicago-style-workout-76-good-grammar/

Paintings

Notes:

Philip Wilson Steer, The Valley of the Severn, (National Gallery of Canada, 1901) Painting. https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artwork/the-valley-of-the-severn.

Shortened Note:

Steer, The Valley of the Severn. Painting. 

Bibliography:

Steer, Philip Wilson. The Valley of the Severn, (National Gallery of Canada, 1901) Painting. https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artwork/the-valley-of-the-severn.

Photograph

Notes:

Frederick H. Evans, George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), (National Gallery of Canada, before 1902) Photograph. https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artwork/george-bernard-shaw-1856-1950-1.

Shortened Note:

Evans, George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950). Photograph.

Bibliography:

Evans, Frederick H. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), (National Gallery of Canada, before 1902) Photograph. https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artwork/george-bernard-shaw-1856-1950-1.

Film and Video

Notes:

Patrick Allitt, Why History Matters, (TEDx, June 27 2019) Video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Loeiei9LA-s.

Shortened Note:

Allitt, Why History Matters. Video.

Bibliography:

Allitt, Patrick. Why History Matters, (TEDx, June 27 2019) Video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Loeiei9LA-s.

Untitled Works of Art

Notes:

Oscar Cahen, Untitled, (National Gallery of Canada, 1956) Illustration. https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artwork/untitled-5076.

Shortened Note:

Cahen, Untitled. Illustration.

Bibliography:

Cahen, Oscar. Untitled, (National Gallery of Canada, 1956) Illustration. https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artwork/untitled-5076.

Manual and Additional Resources

The Chicago Manual of Style is the definitive resource for questions on Chicago format.

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